Dr Annan first challenged Richard Lindzen, a meteorologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who is dubious about the extent of human activity influencing the climate.
However, Curry and Christy question the extent of human activity's influence on the changing climate (although both acknowledge that it does play a role).
For mammals of conservation concern, including native carnivores and deer, passage dimensions, surrounding habitat, and the extent of human activity were assessed to determine if these factors influenced passage use by these species.
Two scales were used for our analyses: the scale or extent of human activity and within this scale, the extent of female jaguar home ranges reported by Maffei et al. (2004).
The approach presented in the IPCC GPG quantifies emissions or removals from carbon stocks within a given period as the product of the extent of human activity (activity data, AD) and the emissions-removals ratio per unit of activity (emission factor, EF).
The use of relevant scales, that is the extent of human activity and their impact on species dispersal and home range, can be applied to a number of other species across the world where loss of natural habitat is affecting population abundance and survival.
The use of roads by wolves is likely constrained by the extent of human activity which may be perceived as an indicator of the risk of human-caused mortality.
In the context of this study, which includes all settlements ranging from isolated dwellings to cities, it is important to take into account the maximum extent of human activities.
Several concepts of landscape modification, landscape naturalness and hemeroby have been put forward to quantify the extent of human activities and impact on landscapes.
The increasing extent of human activities and climate change may have notable effects on river systems; therefore, a comprehensive knowledge of these effects is essential to mitigate their unfavourable consequences.
Assessing species dispersal within the extent of human activities that cause landscape fragmentation can provide an indication of critical thresholds at which a species can be significantly impacted by fragmentation (Oliveira de Filho and Metzger 2006).
