Industry deregulation provides a source of exogenous variation in the extent of product market competition.
Companies' decisions are moderated, however, by the extent of product design modularity, ordering policies and the origin of the parent company.
In the stage of optimizing a simulated moving bed (SMB) process for continuous separation, the extent of product concentration can sometimes be as important as the other performance criteria such as throughput and product purities.
Since obtaining meaningful analytical results requires unrealistically restrictive assumptions, we designed a numerical experiment and conducted over 5000 simulations using a wide range of possible values of firms' conduct parameters, extent of product differentiation, and market share split between full service airline (FSA) and low cost carrier (LCC).
The inverse KIE is consistent with formate hydrogenation being the rate-determining step of methanol synthesis from CO2. Differences in the extent of product inhibition by water, observed for methanol synthesis and reverse water gas shift indicate that the two reactions proceed on different surface sites in a parallel manner.
This paper aims to study the extent to which innovation incentives in a duopoly change according to the extent of product substitutability and the "technological distance" of firms.
Neither the type of wage contract nor the extent of product market competition affects the use of reductions of flexible pay.
The key feature is to consider that the extent of product differentiation determines the ability of a firm to appropriate its rival's R&D effort.
Depending on the structure of the DNA substrate, either release of DNA as a separate molecule or relief of supercoiling results in the high extent of product formation.
For the tRNAHis variant containing G74/G75, the extent of product formation by the two competing pathways is also largely consistent with WC base pairing requirements.
Two-Temperature LATE-PCR endpoint assays are particularly robust and powerful because fluorescence ratios indicative of genotype are independent of the starting amount of DNA present in the sample or the extent of product accumulation past the Ct value.
