According to Definitions 5.1 and 5.3, we can define the cost functional as J^{g}_{i} bigl(c_{1}( cdot),c_{2}(cdot) bigr)=-K_{i}mathcal{E}_{g} bigl[-x(T) bigr]+ mathbb{E} int_{0}^{T}e^{-beta t}L_{i} frac{c_{i}(t)^{gamma}}{ gamma},dt, quad i=1,2, (24) where (K_{i}), (L_{i}) are positive constants representing the different extent of preferences of two managers.
The SD parameters and significance levels indicate the extent of preference heterogeneity around mean parameters across participants.
In addition, in routine clinical practice or research, the preference scores derived from the conjoint exercises can be compared with treatment recommendations from physicians to determine the extent of preference matching and sharing [ 16].
Indeed, the extent of pH preferences for fish is usually 5 7 to 7 9 (Peterson et al. 1989).
Consideration of utilization as an indicator of the effectiveness of policy reform measures the direct and desired outcome, improved access, but also indicates the extent of users' preferences for the reformed service [ 59].
However, if the dark itself could be disturbing, to the extent of shaping preferences for more urban settings, for others it was the fact that lights had been 'switched off' which was unsettling.
However, even though the single knockdowns did not substantially inhibit the mutational frequency, they do change the mutational signature with respect of the dinucleotide context (hereafter referred to as the dinucleotide signature) consistent with the extent of their preferences for TpC (Bishop et al., 2004; Langlois et al., 2005).
A similar pattern is observed on total modified Whipple's index (W tot), a summary index which suggests the lower the values are closer to zero the less the extent of digit preference in age reporting.
The lesser extent of digit preference for the recent 2007 and 1997 censuses compared to the earlier 1986 and 1976 censuses reflects an improvement in the quality of age reporting in the three decades.
According to Spoorenberg (2007), Whipple's index is that the extent of digit preference is meant for terminal digits 0 and 5. Age heaping at any age other than 0 or 5 may occur which can be detected using Myers' blended index.
The larger the extent of codon preference in a gene, the smaller the ENC value.
