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Cancer patients are treated based on their body size; the type, size and extent of a tumor; and so on.
Modern diagnostic tools, like magnetic resonance imaging, may permit an accurate assessment of the extent of a tumor without exposing the patient to radiation, and high-dose radiation used in treatment can now be delivered to a more circumscribed area.
Olson says that near-infrared imaging could be used at what is normally the endpoint of cancer surgeries, when doctors, guided by preoperative images and their own sense of touch and sight, believe they have removed the extent of a tumor.
The significance of the axial extent of a tumor has been considered.
The Enneking staging system is also a concern for the axial extent of a tumor [ 15].
However, the application of a method for determining the axial extent of a tumor has limitations with respect to integration into clinical practice.
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Patients were matched according to histological grade, age, extent of tumor removal, and tumor location.
Regarding the extent of tumor sampling, all tumors comprised in our series were either entirely included (primary tumors of cases #3 and #4, recurrent tumors of cases #1, #3, #4, #5, and one of the two recurrences of case #6), or extensively sampled (primary tumors: 80% case #1; 90% case #2; 90% case #5; 80% case #6; 90% case #2, 80% the remaining recurrence of case #6).
These and other factors limit their potential to localize the true extent of the tumor in a clinical scenario.
Tumor staging is crucial for the prognosis and planning of therapy in the individual patient and aims at precisely determining the extent of the tumor as a basis for deciding whether surgery alone or surgery in combination with neoadjuvant therapy is the most suitable strategy.
Even if the effect of this targeted therapy remains temporary, therapeutic goals could include extending survival and improving quality of life in patients with relapsed disease, improving the extent of surgical resection of a tumor, and increasing time to radiation in order to preserve a child's neurocognitive development.
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