Nevertheless, it remains unknown to what extent morphogen gradients are involved in tissue organization in multicellular non-syncytial embryos and tissues.
The obtained numerical results can be used to design different sensors with high performance working at different frequency ranges by adjusting the extent of the gradient property.
We applied the model to data obtained from rigorous measurements and show, as examples, that MDA-MB-231 breast-cancer cells are at least 20 times less sensitive to gradients of EGF or CXCL12 than neutrophils are to formyl peptides; we then used this information to determine the extent to which gradient sensing increases the rate of boundary crossing relative to a random-motility control.
Further work will be required to determine the extent to which gradient flattening may be impeding diversification generally or even reversing speciation [42].
It is a region approx. 10 000 km in extent with a gradient of elevations from 600 m to 2800 m.
It is uncertain to what extent the socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer, and the patterns we have observed in Marin County, might be explained by better awareness of breast cancer, by access to health care, or by utilization of screening programs.
Objective measures of the physical environment contributed only to a small extent to socioeconomic gradients in walking in middle-aged and older adults living in Greater London, UK.
As a result, it is confirmed that the extent of concentration gradients in flooded lead-acid batteries (i.e. acid stratification) is strongly dependent from temperature.
The pattern of thalamocortical connections is consistent, at least to some extent, with the gradients of PV immnostaining observed in the present study.
The cyclical Pleistocene glacial and interglacial episodes have shaped the genetic architecture of taxa across the globe, as retraction to refugia facilitated the formation of distinct evolutionary lineages within species [ 6, 7] through both vicariant processes and shifting the spatial distribution and extent of ecological gradients.
The effect on the process of many operative parameters, such as the extent of the salinity gradient, the number of membrane pairs in the stack, the initial concentration of Cr VI), the concentration of the supporting electrolyte and the flow rates of the solutions fed in the stack, was also investigated.
