The extent of gap influence may affect responses of many components of forest ecosystems to gap formation on stand and landscape scales.
In this study, spatial extent of gap influence on understory plant communities was investigated in and around 0.1 and 0.4 ha harvested canopy gaps in four young Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii) dominated stands in western Oregon.
To some extent the gap has been filled by professionals in such fields as science, math, English and languages, who can begin teaching while working toward their certification.
To a great extent, this gap has had to be filled by the transfer of food surpluses, mostly of the rich countries of North America.
To some extent, this gap exists because of Ryan's own ideological commitments, but as Jim Pethokoukis points out, at least some of the ideas that would have improved this blueprint are ideas that the House budget chairman himself has championed in the past.
It is also interesting to ask to what extent the gap in performance between teacher and student can be closed.
To a certain extent, this gap has now been filled, and here we shall give an outline of the theory of local loops and Sabinin algebras from the point of view of non-associative Hopf algebras.
Analyses with cumulative prospect theory (CPT), investigating to what extent the gap is also driven by differences in people's subjective representations of outcome and probability information (taking into account sampling error), have produced mixed results.
Using new survey data on European and US technology transfer offices (TTOs), we find that differences in academic research, TTO staff and experience explain to a great extent the gap between the US and Europe in terms of the number of license agreements concluded.
The ratio of kanR/cmR colonies revealed the extent of gap repair.
