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Additionally forests were gained from succession, and towards the end of the study period extensive tree mortality occurred.
Extensive tree mortality and loss of vigor due to the non-native pathogen white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola A. Dietr)., mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), altered fire regimes, and climate change endanger the existence of whitebark pine, which is an important food source (pine nuts) for several wildlife species.
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Longer growing seasons and warmer winters are enhancing pest outbreaks, leading to tree mortality and more intense and extensive fires.
We hypothesize that in heavily human-modified landscapes, more extensive edge effects combined with other human disturbances on tree mortality and carbon stock may contribute to overall high levels of degradation, reducing differences between edge and interior habitats.
The code calls for extensive tree planting.
Ecological implications of tree mortality are discussed.
Much uncertainty is linked to tree growth and tree mortality.
Widespread tree mortality from bark beetle infestation has taken place across a range of forest types, elevation, and latitude.
Cumulative tree mortality was 2.7 3.6%; the annual rate of tree mortality was 0.162% yr−1.
Successive defoliations are more likely to lead to tree mortality.
What other storm gap and landscape variables influence tree mortality?
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