Although successful at enriching for rare cell types, the drawback of invasive cell-purification techniques is that they require extensive tissue manipulation that may disrupt endogenous patterns of gene expression.
Notably, ball mutants show extensive degeneration of tissues that rely on the proliferation of undifferentiated progenitor cells or stem cells, such as the nervous system, the imaginal discs as well as the gonads (Cullen et al., 2005; Herzig et al., 2014), which suggests that ball has a role in the maintenance of progenitor and stem cells.
The accumulation of fat mass during obesity requires extensive tissue remodeling that is accomplished by ECM remodelers.
In the lungs, A. pleuropneumoniae causes extensive tissue damage that could result from the combined action of Apx toxins and secreted proteases [ 48].
In orthopedics there is an increasing demand for reproducible regeneration of bone and musculoskeletal tissues, particularly in cases of extensive tissue loss that occurs as a consequence of trauma or tumor resection.
In cows, the alveolar structure is maintained throughout involution and there is no evidence for extensive tissue degeneration that is found in other species, such as rodents [ 29, 30].
Previous human studies investigating the role of fibroblasts in DFUs have primarily used immortalized cell lines following extensive passaging isolated from tissues that are not from the dermal foot region, which are less predictive of in vivo patient outcomes.
We propose that Eph/Ephrin activity helps to prevent the cellular intermixing that would otherwise be likely to occur during the extensive tissue reorganisations that accompany eye formation and ANP morphogenesis.
We speculate that certain RGE or RGE-like motifs may elicit weak cell attachment, followed by apoptosis – a combination of properties, reminiscent of snake venom disintegrins [ 30, 31], that could have important functional implications in the context of the extensive tissue remodelling that occurs during placentation [ 32].
Common 2D cell cultures do not adequately represent the functions of 3D tissues that have extensive cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, as well as markedly different diffusion/transport conditions.
