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In augite there can be extensive substitution of aluminum for tetrahedral silicon.
Nearly all natural garnets exhibit extensive substitution; solid-solution series some complete, others only partial exist between several pairs of the group.
Extensive substitution of bromodeoxyuridine for thymidine in "viral" DNA does not photosensitize the biological activity of the virus.
This is in line with the finding that extensive substitution was required to induce invasiveness into Epo.
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Substitutions at L3 and L5 did not yet turn Epo into a Pla-like invasin, which required more extensive substitutions both at the surface-exposed part of the protein and the membrane-embedded N-terminal region, the β1-strand.
Extensive substitutions of adenosines in this sequence with cytidines had no effect on P1 usage as can be seen in the oligo-dT primed RT PCR analysis presented in Figure 3B (compare lanes 1 3).
So far, a single serotype of human HAV has been recognized, which suggests that severe structural constraints occur in the capsid that prevent the more extensive substitutions necessary for the emergence of a new serotype.
Extensive atomic substitution occurs between the ideal end-member compositions.
However, these two lineages share multiple molecular evolutionary traits, including substantial mitochondrial genome rearrangements, extensive nucleotide substitution, and loss of helices in their inferred tRNA and rRNA structures.
Consistent with their more extensive DNA substitution, a dose of 1 kJ m−2 UVA produced 90 and 100% growth inhibition in AY27 cells cultured in 10 and 200 μ STdR (data not shown).
A CipA mutant lacking the C-terminal XDocII module was constructed by homologous recombination, but required the use of a modified cipA allele in which DNA repeats were removed by extensive synonymous substitutions [ 18].
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