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Evidence for extensive polymorphisms in the IGHV region has been observed in a large number of studies (reviewed in [ 1]).
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Hence extensive polymorphism in the mutS rpoS region is postulated to result from cycling between environments in which the functional or non-functional genes provide distinct fitness advantages.
The Brazilian population exhibits extensive polymorphism in blood group antigens.
Pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrix subulata) are characterized by extensive polymorphism in colour pattern, morphology, behaviour and physiology.
Partial sequencing of the Tp1 gene and the full-length Tp2 gene from 82 T. parva isolates revealed extensive polymorphism in both antigens, including the epitope-containing regions.
Due to the high linkage disequilibrium in the region and the extensive polymorphism in exon 2 (which encodes the antigen-binding domain), genetic typing of this exon is likely to detect most of the variation in the locus.
The Brazilian population exhibits extensive polymorphism in blood group antigens, however, no studies have been done to relate the prevalence of the antigens that function as receptors for P. falciparum and the ability of the parasite to invade.
Analysis of caseins in goats is complex due to extensive polymorphism in the four casein loci [ 4].
It is known that there is an extensive polymorphism in the AMA1 peptide which is critical for immune escape [ 55].
However, an extensive polymorphism in this protein was found in both P. falciparum and P. vivax from different geographical areas, representing a major obstacle to the development of an effective vaccine [ 13, 14].
Because attachment of sporozoites to epithelial cells and invasion of the host cell membrane are crucial steps in the pathogenesis of cryptosporidiosis, these 2 glycoproteins are presumed to be surface-associated virulence determinants that may be under host immune selection, which might explain the extensive polymorphism in the gp60 gene (27 ).
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