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For the nonstandard words in tweets, extensive normalization is required to transform these words into their normalized forms which mean words in a dictionary.
The values of X and Y are derived from extensive normalization procedures designed to eliminate the potential for false positive associations due to systematic differences among studies (see below).
This is because of the extensive normalization strategy, which includes normalization for the GC content, amplicon length (via LOESS correction) and other technology-specific biases (via PCA of the control samples).
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For identification of low-abundance transcripts, extensive subtraction and normalization have been performed in these EST efforts [ 4, 6].
Creating the ability to search and filter across 30 years' worth of toxicity data required extensive amounts of data normalization, annotation, and curation and was made possible through the development of a robust standardized vocabulary for the fields and data elements within ToxRefDB.
Extensive evidence indicates that near normalization of blood glucose levels is seldom attainable in children and adolescents after the honeymoon (remission) period.
It has been shown that real-time RT-PCR results are highly dependent on the reference genes chosen [ 8], which supports putting considerable effort into validating gene(s) chosen for normalization prior to extensive experimentation.
GNAT (Hakenberg et al., 2008) is a rule-based and machine learning (ML) based gene normalization system which used extensive background knowledge.
Despite extensive research in qPCR laboratory protocols, normalization and statistical analysis, little attention has been given to qPCR non-detects those reactionon-detects thoseduce a minimum amount of signal.
It has been shown that qPCR results are highly dependent on the reference genes chosen [ 6], which explain the considerable effort applied into the validation of the gene(s) selected for the normalization stage, prior to extensive experimentation [ 7].
During her recent visit to Asia, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton put on the bargaining table all the elements of a deal that the North Koreans insist they seek — a formal peace treaty to end the Korean War, normalization of diplomatic relations and extensive economic aid and investment.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com