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Briefly, the R subunits were incubated with 5 M urea in 10 mM K-phosphate, pH 7.4, 50 mM KCl, 1 mM EGTA for 5 h at 4°C, followed by filtration through a prepacked PD-10 column (GE Healthcare) and extensive buffer exchange using Amicon concentrators (Millipore, Billerica, MA).
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Buffer exchange was repeated once.
Participants rated three buffer conditions (no buffer, basic buffer, and extensive buffer) for each of six buffer types.
TAT protein was removed with buffer exchange.
After buffer exchange, His-tag was cleaved by thrombin treatment.
200 mM ammonium acetate solution was used for buffer exchange.
The eluted protein was concentrated, and a buffer exchange was performed with 25 mM phosphate buffer containing 10 µM FAD.
The protein was filtered again and injected onto the Superdex gel filtration column for buffer exchange.
After concentration and buffer exchange, purified proteins were stored frozen in the presence of 10% glycerol.
PD 10 gel filtration columns (GE Healthcare) were used for buffer exchange for further experiments.
2. Buffer exchange.
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