The Baltic Sea suffers from extensive blooms of the toxic cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena that produces nodularin toxin (NOD).
Normally, the Red Sea is an intense blue-green; occasionally, however, it is populated by extensive blooms of the algae Trichodesmium erythraeum, which, upon dying off, turn the sea a reddish brown colour.
It is relatively biologically productive due to extensive blooms of sea-ice algae, embedded in the ice floes as a band of growth or associated with the basal section of the ice floe that contacts the underlying seawater.
The first bloom occurred in December of 2008, followed by more extensive bloom in October 2009.
The marine filamentous N2 fixing (diazotroph) cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. form extensive blooms contributing 25 to 50% of the estimated rates of N2 fixation in the oligotrophic subtropical and tropical oceans [1].
Viruses infecting marine phytoplankton are key biogeochemical 'engines' of the oceans, regulating the dynamics of algal populations and the fate of their extensive blooms.
In addition to a very wide variety of heights, lilies can be obtained in many colours and combinations of colours, and if properly selected can produce an extensive blooming season from early summer to autumn.
Snow algae are prolific primary colonizers and producers that can form extensive blooms in spring and summer.
Cyanobacteria (formerly called "blue-green algae") have a worldwide distribution and can form extensive blooms in freshwater and estuarine habitat.
In addition, fertiliser use has doubled the amount of reactive nitrogen in the world, leading to large-scale pollution of aquatic ecosystems, extensive algal blooms and bodies of waters with low levels of oxygen (Erisman et al., 2008; Gruber and Galloway, 2008).
