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Here we demonstrate extensive activation of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway within the airway epithelium during repair of acute airway injury.
Okadaic acid and another protein phosphatase inhibitor, cantharidin, also induce apoptosis in lymphocytes and cause extensive activation of the JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK pathways [36], [37].
Interestingly, it was recently reported that progeroid mouse models exhibit an extensive activation of the basal autophagy [ 27].
Comparing music with the baseline resulted in extensive activation of the primary and secondary auditory cortex in both sexes, but no significant sex difference was found.
In summary, MCI 1 appeared to represent a state of specific activation of the motor pathways through the dense projections from the paralimbic ACC to the motor cortex with extensive activation of the sensorimotor cortices.
In the present study, the most extensive activation of the posterior cingulate was observed in the combined contrast that represented the responses to familiar, autobiographically sensitive, and positively valenced pieces of music (P < 0.005 unc.; Figs 2 and 3).
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Immunohistochemistry also showed an extensive activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus of the mice injected with Rib.
As shown in Figure 6, GFAP immunostaining revealed an extensive activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus of mice injected with Rib for 10 days.
Furthermore, this up-regulation is accompanied by an extensive activation of DNA replication machinery, including the pre-replication complex assembly, MCM complex and Cdt1 (Fig. S5A, S5B).
We show that the increase of τD in low Ca2+ was not due to high [cGMP]i that results from the extensive activation of guanylate cyclase (GC) in low Ca2+.
In summary, the higher expression of cytokines and their receptors in susceptible birds at 5 dpi indicates that APEC infection results in the extensive activation of adaptive immune response in bone marrow cells over post-challenge time.
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