We validated our method by analyzing simulated extension trajectories that mimicked experimental data of single protein folding from optical tweezers.
We investigated the position-dependence of D in the folding of DNA hairpins as a simple model system in two ways: first, by analyzing the round-trip time to return to a given extension in constant-force extension trajectories measured by force spectroscopy, and second, by analyzing the fall time required to reach a given extension in force jump measurements.
Crack propagation trajectories under mixed-mode conditions are obtained using the planar and maximum tangential stress crack-extension criteria.
The inset shows close-up views of the unfolding process of the half-zippered SNARE complex in extension-time trajectories.
(A ) Extension-time trajectories (black lines) and their best hidden Markov model (HMM) fits (red lines) showing fast binary transitions of linker domains (LDs) under constant forces.
(A ) Force-dependent extension-time trajectories under approximately constant forces (f) revealing the unfolding probability (p) of C-terminal domain (CTD) as indicated.
Occasionally, two or more non-overlapping core trajectories are found for a given centrosome, in which case, after the extension step, the trajectory is broken into several parts that abut in time.
This fact may also be relevant for long-run predictions where the backward extension of the trajectory, i.e., {x c (t) (in) S: d ≤ t < a c }, is relevant (cf. Stijepic (2015, p. 81)).
A natural extension of the trajectory based individual exposure analysis is to do research on optimal regulatory, policy change and urban planning to reduce air pollution.
We discuss the consequences of ordered pseudopod extension for the trajectories of cells, and for the mechanisms that cells may use to respond to external cues such as chemoattractants.
For the two-state transitions of LD and CTD, we determined the unfolding probability, transition rates, and average state extensions and forces at different trap separations based on the measured extension and force trajectories using a two-state hidden Markov model.
