Once the Department of Justice and the White House authorized the C.I.A. to use "enhanced interrogation techniques" — which included extended sleep deprivation, stress positions, slamming suspects into walls, slapping, confinement in small boxes, and waterboarding — the agency never looked back.
We already knew of the brutal stress positions, forced standing, waterboarding and extended sleep deprivation with light and noise; now we know about the use of punitive "anal feeding" or "anal rehydration", about forcing detainees with broken leg bones to stand shackled against a wall.
President Obama banned the CIA's use of methods such as waterboarding, extended sleep deprivation and beatings, which had been authorized under President George W. Bush.
The United States used interrogation techniques that it had previously condemned as illegal when used by others, including waterboarding, stress positions, extended sleep deprivation, sexual humiliation and prolonged solitary confinement.
However, unlike the current experiments, in previous studies adjacent whiskers were allowed to regrow for at least 7 days, effectively extending the deprivation period that may have enhanced responses to the spared whisker.
They said the tactics included sleep and food deprivation, extended isolation and the use of menacing dogs.
For example, in Jordan, the report said, "The most frequently reported methods of torture included beating, sleep deprivation, extended solitary confinement, and physical suspension".
Thomas et al. quantified and characterized global and regional brain activity changes implicated in sleep deprivation-induced neurobehavioral impairment during cumulative, extended sleep loss [ 39].
CIA officers shackled each of them in a standing position for sleep deprivation for extended periods until medical staff assessed they could no longer maintain that position.
