Long used to managing the risks of natural hazards, insurance policy is now being extended to climate change, with US states such as California leading the move to get insurers to report their exposure to climate risks and their strategies for resilience.
Collectively, this issue would extend to consideration of: alternative future climates, anticipated population growth and distribution patterns, alternative temperature-mortality relationships and direct consideration of the impact of future adaptation.
Therefore, the advantage of MXD over TRW for climate reconstruction may not extend to frequencies beyond inter-annual to multi-decadal wavelengths.
Similar tests are planned to determine if the same heavy meat-eating behavior by Neanderthals extended to temperate climates, like the Middle East.
Finally, we discuss how the Climate Wizard is not a static product, but rather a framework that can be extended to address climate-change related questions in a geographic context for a wide range of social and environmental issues.
This assessment is first conducted using GCM derived rainfall and subsequently extended to the other climate variables such as air temperature and geopotential height, with the intention of assessing the possible benefit of using these variables for formulation of appropriate precipitation modelling alternatives.
"The formal legal definition of refugees needs to be extended to include those affected by climate change and also internally displaced persons," he said.
A number of commentators – including one in the Guardian this week – have suggested that refugee law and protections should be extended to include people affected by climate change.
But the "consensus" never extended to the intricacies of the climate system, just the core belief that additional greenhouse gas emissions would warm the planet.If this is true, then the public has been systematically deceived.
In the future, more extensive data, both from unthinned and thinned stands covering wider range of ages, densities and site qualities, would allow a more robust model to be developed, that could be extended to model the effects of climate and nutrition, and biomass and carbon outputs.
