He extended patronage to American fur traders, artists, and explorers who, in turn, assisted him in his mission by establishing friendly relations with numerous tribes.
The sultans and amirs of Delhi and the Muslim rulers and nobles in the provinces also extended patronage to Persian scholars who came from other parts of Asia under the pressure of Mongol inroads.
Mr Maliki has been directly blamed for extending patronage along sectarian lines, contributing to a growing disenfranchisement among the Sunni-majority population of the Nineveh province, of which Mosul is the capital.
Among his backers is Sheik Jabbar al-Fahdawi, who accuses Sheik Ahmed of sowing discord inside many tribes, including his own Abu Fahed, by extending patronage to certain members of the tribes and promoting them over others as the real leaders.
Even upper-class children went into service — with families that were more upper class — to perfect their manners and extend their patronage networks.
Although orthodox Islam considered music illegal, the acceptance of the Sufi doctrines, in which music was an accepted means to the realization of God, enabled Muslim rulers and noblemen to extend their patronage to this art.
While the Tanjore and Travancore courts also extended great patronage and emphasised preservation of the art, the unique combination of royal patronage of individual musicians, founding of music schools to kindle public interest and a patronage of European music publishers and producers set Mysore apart.
Ambitious MPs extended their patronage to the private sector.
Not always devoted to ostentation, Hideyoshi extended his patronage to the tea master Sen no Rikyū, the figure from whom all current tea masters trace their lineage.
Not content with extending his patronage to the translators and scientific research, al-Maʾmūn imposed on all his subjects the Muʿtazilī doctrine, characterized by a purified concept of divinity, belief in free will, and full human responsibility.
Quotas were intended to ensure Iraq's main ethno-religious constituencies – Shias, Sunnis and Kurds – shared power, but they have been widely abused to enrich office-holders and extend party political patronage.
