Sentence examples for extant levels of from inspiring English sources

When possible, we use these data to investigate the contribution of mutation to extant levels of polymorphism among clinical P. aeruginosa isolates.

This model thus requires that either extant levels of sequence variation in African strains are not reflective of ancestral polymorphism levels or that the ancestral populations of this species have not been sampled in the datasets presented here.

Second, to the extent that extant levels of sequence variation in African strains are indicative of ancestral levels of polymorphism, the comparable levels of X-linked and autosomal nucleotide diversity in sampled African populations of D. melanogaster are suggestive of an unequal sex ratio in ancestral populations of this species.

Hence, disentangling the respective contributions of selective and demographic forces to extant levels and patterns of genetic differentiation between populations represents a challenging task [ 23].

We then calculated the number of required RASs to achieve full coverage of extant sequences at divergence levels of 5, 10 and 15%; that is, when each extant sequence diverges by less than the chosen threshold from at least one ancestral sequence (Fig. 4).

This demographic history makes D. melanogaster an attractive system for assessing the impact of factors such as demography and natural selection on levels of extant sequence variation.

Proteomic occurrence levels of extant FSFs showed that over 200 additional FSFs are necessary in urancestral FSF sets to account for the complexity of the simplest organism in existence today.

The expression levels of extant senescence pathways are likely to be altered by the processes of transformation and tumour progression and may reflect the route to immortalisation in individual tumour types.

In this case we expect to find the same haplotypes and similar levels of diversity in extant and ancient samples.

If we assume that levels of sequence diversity in extant African populations are indicative of levels of diversity in ancestral populations, these data are consistent with an historical excess of breeding females over the number of breeding males and a population bottleneck where this excess is retained.

The results of the microsatellite analyses showed mixed levels of population differentiation among extant populations of T. tambroides (FST: 0.0011 to 0.6494, genetic distances: 0.2% to 17.1%).