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With a pathogen-specific gain we refer to a gene family not present in a species that is ancestral to both pathogenic and non-pathogenic lineages (TP15), but that appears in one of the extant pathogens (extant in Table 1) or in an ancestral node that gives exclusively rise to pathogenic lineages (such as for both Mycosphaerella species).
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The two matrices are the same for the fossil species, but they are different in three additional extant taxa in Table 3.
According to this hypothesis, the existence of limited RNA editing in extant Geraniaceae (Table 1) would reflect mutational drift to unedited C residues following the evident reversals in mutation rate, i.e, cessation of the hypothetical mutagenic retroprocessing activity.
Subtype IIB CanSINEs are more recent, not as genetically diverse as IIA loci, and are the source of most phylogenetically informative sites in extant Felidae (Table 1, Figure 5).
Traditionally, there were only a handful of English tests in which four skills could be measured; however, following the abovementioned trend, several new tests have recently emerged, and as far as the author knows, there are now over 10 kinds extant as can be seen in Table 1.
Together with the published data [ 6, 8, 17, 18, 22, 30], the frequencies of ancient haplogroups in extant Asia populations are summarized in Table 2.
Summary statistics for extant and fossil taxa are reported in Table 2.
We CT scannned extant polychaetes (Table 1) in order to make meaningful myoanatomical comparisons with Rollinschaeta (Fig. 4).
The finding that the genetic diversity in four out of six ancient population samples (Bøgebjerggård, Simonsborg, Galgedil and Riisby) is higher than among extant Danes (Table 6) is in agreement with similar findings by Töpf et al. (2007) [53] for ancient Britons.
The individual values in Table 4 show that to what extant certain substitutions are favored or avoided depending on corresponding LOSMeso score +ve or -ve, respectively.
These data and data from equivalent models of Apatosaurus and Giraffatitan (figure 2 a, b) are shown in table 1, while the data from extant taxa are tabulated in the electronic supplementary material (tables S1 S6, and figures S8 and S9).
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