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Exact(2)
Many national databases should be evaluated for use as level 1 extant data for an NCS location.
Consistent data quality oversight and data usage by supervisory officials are crucial for HISs to function well [ 10, 28– 30], so supervisors need to respond actively to extant data for health workers to prioritize data quality.
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There are three broad categories into which epidemiological assessment of data regarding a causal association between a potential risk factor and an outcome distribute: the existence of association (be it positive or negative), lack of association, the conclusion that the extant data are inadequate for inference.
To fill major data gaps, extant data will be required for each study location.
For extant data evaluation, air pollution exposure estimates originating from outdoor sources were obtained from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) for 2002 (U.S. EPA 2009b).
There are concerns that need to be weighed regarding the use of extant data as a substitute for environmental samples directly collected from homes, schools, and child care centers.
Four such studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria for the extant data, comprising 124 consultants who worked with 302 school teachers regarding 453 individual students.
Extant data cannot provide unequivocal evidence for the origin of M23, although the current distribution of macrohaplogroup M points to Southeast Asia as the most likely source region.
In this review we identify three levels of data national, state and county and local data and information sets (levels 1 3, respectively), each with different degrees of availability and completeness, that can be used as a starting point for the extant data collection in each study location over time.
We recovered data for all variables investigated from extant data.
The preparation of derived maps i.e., maps that are compiled from other maps or existing data involves the search for, and evaluation of, all extant data pertaining to the subject area.
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