A qualitative design, which is an inductive, naturalistic inquiry strategy of approaching a setting without pre-extant assumptions, was deemed appropriate for a study that sought to explore the perceptions of 4th year high school students on the uses of rubrics in oral production assessments, as well as the students' actual classroom use of these rubrics.
The topology is highly congruent with recent (molecular) phylogenetic analyses of placental mammals, but is considerably more comprehensive, being the first phylogeny to include all 113 extant families without making a priori assumptions of suprafamilial monophyly.
This is the simplest possible explanation for the extant distribution of the characters if no assumptions are made with regards to the branching order of that tree.
Ultimately, these reconstructions could be calibrated using data about polymorphism in extant species, although this would require specific assumptions about the correlation between short- and long-term effective population size.
Extant studies have been predicated on the assumption that Weibo interaction plays important roles in the formation and development of Internet anti-corruption, but little attention has been given to how such interaction is locally constructed among Weibo users.
Second, no archaea have been identified which carry endosymbiont bacteria, so accepting Koonin's assumption would require that all extant archaea have subsequently lost this capacity.
The assumptions of the IE method consider that extant variation is the necessary result of foregone changes, and thus that extant trait variation bears crucial information on evolutionary history.
The objective of this paper is to problematise the fundamental assumption, shared by standard-setters and extant literature, and one that is taken-for-granted in the recent debate on accounting financialisation, that "fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement" (IFRS 13.2).
In addition, we find that more extreme reviews have a greater proportion of emotional content than less extreme reviews, revealing a bimodal distribution of emotional content, thereby empirically validating a key assumption that underpins much of the extant literature on online WOM.
Genetic distance might indicate the age of the ancestral species, however divergence time estimates for the extant species should not be considered reliable beyond assumption of a comparably recent origin of the STR.
Following our phase I interviews, we believed that student assumptions about the relationship between transitional and extant species were indicative of an EC mental model.
