The confidence limits for the two oldest arrangements ST and TL overlap, but we assume that the TL is oldest extant arrangement based on migration-selection models (see page 3083 in Schaeffer 2008).
Lastly, the finding that the gene order in all the bifunctional genes is always hisI, hisE, suggests that a different arrangement of the two domains should be disadvantageous for the enzymatic activity and that structural and/or functional constraints might be responsible for the extant arrangement.
We also calculated the number of steps between the ancestor and the extant gene arrangements under the PGD or WGD hypotheses (Table 1; Fig. 3A).
Transformation of the ancestor into extant gene arrangements under competing hypotheses revealed how DS patterns developed in the making of this syntenic block.
We assumed that for every change in order in an extant gene arrangement, a deletion occurred following the WDG event, generating a gene-interleaving pattern.
Extant marginal musculature arrangements (discrete categories), size (muscle cross-sectional area and diameter of polyps), and shape parameters (length, maximum base mesoglea width, maximum attachment site width, and attachment site count) were traced over the amended ML phylogeny of Swain [ 32] and visualized with Evolview [ 52].
Transforming the arrangement of genes in the ancestor into arrangements in extant species under competing PGD and WGD hypotheses again falsified the paleopolyploidization event (Table 1; Fig. 3).
Under competing PGD and WGD models, we determined the minimum number of steps needed to convert the arrangement of shared genes in A. gossypii chromosome I (307 common genes) of the ancestor of A. gossypii, K. waltii, and S. cerevisiae into the corresponding chromosomal arrangement in extant species.
Gaining this understanding is achieved by reconstructing the ancestral genome arrangement based on comparisons of genome organization of extant species.
BCE: works more or less extant on charred papyrus scrolls: Arrangement of the Philosophers, esp.
