In the 2010 case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the Supreme Court held that Congress cannot limit independent expenditures in political campaigns, arguing that such expenditures are not donations so much as expressions of preference.
Public opinion, a culmination of individual expressions of preference, becomes votes and votes are converted into executive power, which is accountable to the general public.
Key to the use of pairwise comparisons is the underlying numerical scale that is used to convert subjective linguistic expressions of preference into numerical values.
A common method for obtaining this information involves the use of pairwise comparisons, which allows an analyst to convert subjective expressions of preference between two attributes into numerical values indicating preferences across the entire population of attributes.
Utility values (also called preference measures) are quantitative expressions of preference for given health states.
Expressions of preference for decision-making could vary depending on the decision faced, from those with high stakes (eg, major surgery) to more routine circumstances (treatment for allergic rhinitis).
The MIPS permits classification of all patient and clinician utterances into content categories, which are basically the topic under discussion (e.g. side effects or sociodemographic information) and modes of exchange describing the manner in which information is either sought or offered (e.g. closed or open questions or expressions of preference or empathy).
The Linked USDL Preferences schema takes into account the vagueness, or fuzziness, often implicit in consumer-expressed preferences, whilst allowing for the intuitive expression of preferences using linguistic terms and imprecise values.
Or, more subtly, maybe it's an expression of preferences in their narrow professional role.
Within pattern mining, this novel line of research allows the easy expression of preferences according to a dominance relation.
