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Substituting the expressions in Equation 12 into the governing Equations 9-11, we obtain the following transformed equations: (13) (14) (14).
We identify climate shocks as the deviations of monthly temperature and rainfall realisations from their respective long term means (see for example Maystadt and Ecker 2014; Mwaura and Okoboi 2014) following the expressions in equation 5.
The nonlinear expressions in equation x3 are derived by Michaelis-Menten enzymatic steps.
Under these conditions, the equilibrium expressions in equation 5 can be rearranged to give: (A13) where the numerators approach a constant value.
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The expressions in Equations (40) and (41) apply to a rectangular QAM constellation when k is even and k is odd, respectively.
αi ( j ) j ! q j 1 - q j 2. Expressions for the skewness and kurtosis for the KGD may be obtained by combining appropriate expressions in Equations (20), (21), (22), and (23).
The symbols α,β,γ,δ, and ε next to the sum expressions in Equations (1) and (2) represent their weights and serve to balance their impact on the whole equation.
This observation can be explained by the derived asymptotic BER expressions in Equations (24) and (34): Our analysis for the OSTBC scheme implies that for Alamouti's code the achievable diversity gain is L (L = 2 in this example) for any N in the N × L RFID channel.
Inserting these expressions in equations (66 - 69 66 - 69tain: we¯ jk n + 1 = w ¯ jk n + 2 μ h jk ∑ m = 1 N c km K k a ¯ km, b ¯ km − w ¯ jk ∑ m, i N c ¯ ki c ¯ km F kk a ¯ ki, b ¯ ki, a ¯ km, b ¯ km (72).
When the expressions in Equations (9) and (10) are both positive, mutually invasibility is established.
Once peripheral tolerance is taken into account, the probability of targeting a given self-Ag can be calculated by multiplying the expressions in equations (8a) and (9).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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