E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression were determined by Northern blot analysis and immunostaining, respectively.
ERK and MKP-1 expression were determined by immunohistochemical staining (IHCS).
Biglycan, type I collagen, type III collagen, keratocan and lumican expression were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
In addition, MAPK family activation, IKBα degradation, NFκB-p65, iNOS and COX-2 expression were determined by Western blot.
(A C) Pax7 and RNF13 mRNA and protein expression were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, at different time points after damage.
Galectin-3 and MUC2 expression were determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (cell surface galectin-3), Western and Northern analysis (galectin-3, MUC2), and gel filtration of secreted high-weight glycoprotein (MUC2).
Basic fibroblast growth factor and VEGF expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in cytosol specimens obtained from 1307 patients with T1-3 primary breast cancer (789 node-negative, 518 node-positive) diagnosed between 1990 and 1997.
Changes in fluorescence (i.e., receptor expression) were determined by measuring median fluorescence of positive cells.
Statistical differences in IFN-γ and CD107 expression were determined by the unpaired, two-tailed Student's t test.
Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were determined by immunohistochemistry [24] and were considered negative when less than 10% of the tumor cell nuclei showed staining.
We transiently expressed exogenous SOX2 in NUGC3 cells by using an adenovirus system, and changes in expression were determined by cDNA microarray analysis (GEO accession No. GSE23589).
