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mRNA expression was quantified by TaqMan technology (for details see additional methods in Additional file 1).
Spp1 mRNA expression was quantified by RT-qPCR as described in Materials and Methods.
IBSP gene expression was quantified by qPCR after the entire 3 weeks of culture.
LPL gene expression was quantified by qPCR after the entire 3 weeks of culture.
ALPL gene expression was quantified by qPCR after the entire 3 weeks of culture.
Gene expression was quantified by comparative CT method, using GAPDH as a reference.
PPARG gene expression was quantified by qPCR after the entire 3 weeks of culture.
FABP4 gene expression was quantified by qPCR after the entire 3 weeks of culture.
mfa-1 mRNA expression was quantified by qrt-PCR during consortium maturation, from 0 to 12 to 24 h.
VEGF expression was quantified by sandwich ELISA analysis and confirmed by Northern and Western blot analysis.
(a) Protein expression was quantified by the integrated optical density (IOD) ratio of: (b) Raptor; (c) Rictor; (d) S6K(Thr389); and (e) Akt.
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