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Cells were then induced by the addition of 0.35 mM IPTG and the expression temperature was lowered to 18°C for another 36 hours.
To increase the yield of recombinant Bet v 1.0401 in E. coli especially at low expression temperature, a codon-optimized gene was designed [20], integrated in a pET28b plasmid, and transformed into BL21 Star™ (DE3) cells.
Further improvements were achieved by coexpression with the E. coli chaperones DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE by using the plasmid pRDKJG [47] and by reducing the expression temperature to 4°C.
The supplementation of the medium with betaine in the presence of sorbitol, the coexpression of E. coli chaperons that have proved to be helpful previously [57], and a drastic reduction of the expression temperature to 4°C have all led to the expression of soluble and active protein.
Decreasing further the expression temperature to 15°C yielded soluble TFAAA-USP18.
The expression temperature was 24°C for the first 24 h after induction and was then lowered to 18°C at 24 48 h.
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The major problems appear to be aggregation and degradation of apoglobin at the nominal expression temperatures, 28 37 °C, and the limited amount of free heme that is available for holohemoglobin assembly.
The good reproducibility is essential if different conditions are tested for one target protein, e.g. different expression temperatures for optimising soluble expression.
In order to compare different expression temperatures, the induced culture was incubated overnight with shaking at 250 rpm at either 20 °C or 37 °C.
This work provides a list of candidate virulence factors at low temperatures whose expression is temperature dependent and a working hypothesis for the study of the virulence mechanism at low temperatures.
From the microarray analysis, we aimed to identify genes that were significantly altered in expression by temperature with potential relevance for the temperature-induced acquisition of brite features.
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