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(D ): Expression phase of rhythmically expressed nascent RNA (n = 936) was separated by bins of 2 hr.
While UL49Y protein can continue to express till 96 hours, the different expression phase suggested that UL49Y may have distinct biological significance which is different from UL49.
Also, a single dose of thalidomide 20 mg/kg attenuated the expression phase of antinociceptive tolerance.
Co-administration of ODQ (a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) 10 mg/kg in developmental phase or 20 mg/kg in expression phase also progressively increased the pain threshold.
Also, the reversal effect of thalidomide in expression phase was potentiated when concomitantly administrated with L-NAME (5 mg/kg) or aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg).
Moreover, the protein levels of p-ERK, aceH3K9 and BDNF except ERK in the VLO were significantly upregulated in morphine-treated rats in the expression phase.
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Microinjection of TSA into the VLO significantly increased both the development and expression phases.
Hence, our findings suggest that thalidomide has protective effect both in the development and expression phases of morphine antinociceptive tolerance.
In this network, the circadian expressions of clock genes peak one after another, and their expression phases may determine the timing of internal events such as metabolism [2].
From published microarray analyses detecting genes with circadian expression we selected 6 studies on mammalian tissues and containing information on gene expression phases and amplitudes [5], [6], [15], [16], [17], [18].
As pointed out by Prescott [ 31], it is important to distinguish the induction and expression phases of sensitization.
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