Their facial expressions, pain intensity, and unpleasantness ratings as well as skin conductance responses to tonic and phasic heat pain were assessed before and after suggestions directed toward increase in affective and sensory qualities of pain, respectively, were provided.
Drawing from social, evolutionary, learning and helath psychology, he is interested how interpersonal threat affects facial expression of pain, self-reported pain ratings, learning of pain-related fear, and interpersonal processes such as aggression and empathy.
The facial expression of pain plays a crucial role in pain communication and pain diagnostics.
Patients' verbal and non-verbal expression of pain were identified in the subtheme "Revealing and concealing pain", whereas " Monitoring the pain" captured caregivers' perspectives on pain assessment.
The facial expression of pain is a prominent non-verbal pain behaviour, unique and distinct from the expression of basic emotions.
They cease to become an expression of pain and become a self-perpetuating source of pain.
PERSPECTIVE: This preliminary study suggests that there is a relation between ambivalence over emotional expression and pain and anger in patients with chronic low back pain.
Sometimes behavioral changes are the only expression of pain: any change in sleep, tone, feeding, or mood must suggest pain in this population.
Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant main effect for the association between ambivalence over emotional expression and pain catastrophizing; as ambivalence over emotional expression increased, the degree of pain catastrophizing increased.
The facial expression of pain is a multidimensional response system that differentially encodes affective and sensory pain qualities.
