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These findings suggest that matrine may have potential treatment function on SP related cutaneous inflammation by inhibition of the expression of substance P receptor and regulation of the production of inflammatory cytokines.
The changes in expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in ipsilateral and contralateral trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons were investigated by immunohistochemistry one week after unilateral ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
Likewise, gene expression of substance P and its correlation with NGF were assessed to establish any association with nociception in those individuals with LBP.
The authors attributed this to the decreased expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which contribute to neurogenic inflammation by recruiting mast cells.
Moreover, sera from patients with falciparum malaria were found to induce increased expression of substance P, an observation that was not made with sera from healthy controls [ 51].
The increased expression of TNF-α in symptomatic degenerate IVD may also act synergistically to stimulate both MMP-10 and NGF expression whilst also stimulating the expression of substance P and initiating the pain response.
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It is however also possible that the expression of Substance-P is increased in the whole tendon and therefore overlooked due to the previously mentioned limitations of the present design.
This study evaluates the remote effects of dry needling with different dosages on the expressions of substance P (SP) in the proximal muscle, spinal dorsal horns of rabbits.
Expression of aggregation substance was determined for PCR-positive strains by the clumping assay as previously described [21], [30].
Two others strains were used as controls in the different experiments namely E. faecalis JH2-2 (control strain for expression of aggregation substance) and the avirulent E. coli OP50 (an international standard food for nematodes without known virulence factors).
Numerous studies have indicated that ERK1/2 was likely to produce pain hypersensitivity via the inducing of expression of pronociceptive substance, such as COX-2 [ 28].
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