Satellite cell phenotype is defined by the differential expression of specific factors, among which Pax7, MyoD and myogenin.
To investigate whether suppression of apelin expression accelerates pericyte recruitment, we first examined whether targeted knockdown of apelin using siRNA, influenced the expression of specific factors in bEnd.3 murine endothelial cells, which regulate vessel stabilization and pericyte recruitment [ 4, 19].
To assess cell growth upon over-expression of specific factors, cultures were grown overnight in the appropriate SC media containing 2% sucrose in test tubes at 30°C with shaking.
Studies have shown a crucial role for the induction of calcium-signalling in response to abiotic stress, with the over-expression of specific factors seen to result in increased stress tolerance in transgenic plants [ 62- 64].
Furthermore, we found that clustering the genes in the context of regulatory influences greatly facilitated interpretation of the expression data, as clusters of gene expression corresponded to the activity of specific factors or more interestingly, factor combinations which suggest coordinated regulation of gene expression.
In addition to extrinsic factors, forced expression of specific transcription factors, for example, NGN2 and PAX6, could speed and enrich the generation of neural lineage from hPSCs [ 43– 43].
A compelling body of new data, however, clearly indicates that polypeptide ligands and/or their receptors are transported into the nucleus, where they function directly to regulate the expression of specific transcription factors and gene loci.
RNAseq has also been used to describe the expression of specific transcription factors over-expressed at single developmental stages, such as those belonging to the ERF, WRKY and UPBEAT transcription factor families [ 73].
Aberrant expression of testis specific factors, including epigenetic regulators, is increasingly described in diverse cancer types (Wang et al, 2011).
Having identified HRG-induced expression of specific transcription factors from the qRT-PCR results, gene expression analysis using microarray was performed in an effort to determine the time-course expression profile of the aforementioned five transcription factors and other genes up to 72 hrs (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hrs; 15 time points).
It all hinges on the expression of specific transcription factors in the embryonic fore- or hindlimb buds.
