Catecholamines can stimulate the expression of multiple molecules involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and metastasis, influencing biological behaviors of tumor cells [ 23].
Together, these data demonstrate that CD28 is required for the survival of the Tfh population and suggest that the loss of continued CD28 signaling affects the expression of multiple molecules in Tfh cells.
In summary, this work provides the first evidence that boundary-derived FGF signaling, in particular FGF3, regulates the expression of multiple molecules responsible for ECM integrity, as well as genes involved in neuronal differentiation and axonal organization at boundary cells, and thus contribute to the understanding of how boundary-unique properties arise.
In summary, our results indicate that retinal microglia, when placed in proximity to RPE cells, induce significant changes in 1) the structure and distribution of RPE, and 2) expression and secretion of multiple molecules from RPE cells that have significant effects on the activation, recruitment, and retention of immune cells and on angiogenesis.
In general, miRs modulate the expression of multiple target molecules, suggesting there are possibly other unknown target molecules of miR-21 responsible for the chemoresistance other than PTEN and PDCD4.
Further, we analyzed IRF8 target gene expression in GMPs, MDPs, and CDPs and found that, relative to controls, tumor-bearing mice had decreased mRNA expression of multiple MHC molecules, as well as TapBP, Tap2, Batf3, and Pml (Figs. 3c, 6b).
Unlike translational inhibition, which requires stable binding of RISC to its target mRNA, RNAi permits a single RISC to act enzymatically to irreversibly inhibit the expression of multiple mRNA molecules.
Migration of lymphoid cells throughout the body is regulated by the expression of multiple adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors that interact with corresponding ligands on endothelial and stromal cells.
This result implies that unf is required for MB neurons to acquire correct gene expression profile (i.e. cell identity) and that improper expression of multiple guidance molecules resulting from the loss of neuron identities might underlie the axonal defects induced by unf knockdown.
TREM2 deficiency in humans is associated with alterations in the expression of multiple cytoskeletal molecules (Kiialainen et al., 2007).
While we measured the expression of multiple mRNA molecules, we did not directly quantify protein levels, and changes in gene expression may not reflect changes in protein abundance.
