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Experiments to genetically engineer expression of fish antifreeze proteins have not improved freezing tolerance of sensitive species.
To confirm the knock down of the expression of fish FKRP with morpholino injection, endogenous FKRP protein was analyzed with antibodies against fish FKRP.
In conclusion, eco-genetic models are a potentially useful tool for considering how environmental and genetic processes may interact to shape phenotypic expression of fish populations (Dunlop et al. 2009a).
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Hepatic expression of fish-lineage specific cyp2k5 (df = 2; F = 6.53; p < 0.01) increased significantly in fish injected with either dose of LNA-122i.
The expression patterns of fish zonadhesin and zonadhesin-like genes suggest that the reproductive role of zonadhesin evolved later in the mammalian lineage.
Overall, the phylogenies of the VWD and MAM domains combined with the expression patterns of: fish zonadhesins, fish and chicken zonadhesin-like genes, FCGBP, mucin, and several MAM containing proteins, suggest that these mosaic genes share a common ancestor.
There was no significant difference among collection sites in CYP1A expression levels of fish treated with PCB-77, suggesting that the degree of resistance was the same in fish collected from all Hudson River locales.
The use of IC-MS to produce specific expression profiles of fish cells and identify toxins through their specific patterns as a biomarker is a new approach in ecotoxicology.
Microarrays have been widely used to study the immune-relevant gene expression responses of fish and fish cell lines to pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (e.g. Rise et al. [ 18]; Milev-Milovanovic et al. [ 19]; Workenhe et al. [ 20]; Booman et al. [ 21]).
Cluster analysis and examination of individual transcripts revealed there was a considerable degree of similarity between the transcript expression profiles of fish exposed to all three concentrations of Roundup and the lowest concentration of glyphosate, suggesting common mechanisms of toxicity and cellular response.
While the aim of the study was to identify gene regulation in response to environmental stress using expression levels of fish kept at ambient conditions as reference, direct comparisons involving two stress treatments were included to make the experimental design more robust to the potential failure of some microarray hybridisations and to facilitate direct comparison between stress treatments.
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