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These latter T cells lacked expression of activation markers, and were not actively proliferating, indicating that the immune responses that created them were not ongoing.
These data are consistent with the reduced expression of activation markers observed on Ag85B-activated CD4+ T cells of NP-mice following 4-1BB ligaTable(Table 3).
By CD40L/IL-4 stimulation, B cells were maintained in a proliferative and activated state characterized by the expression of activation markers and the absence of telomere erosion.
The effect of andrographolide on LPS/IL-4 activated murine macrophages was evaluated by measuring expression of activation relevant cytokines.
Conventional T cells that entered this tolerant environment experienced reduced proliferation, as well as a reduction of tissue homing and expression of activation markers.
However, this signaling did not lead to increased expression of activation markers, T-cell proliferation, or apoptosis.
(b) MMs (gated on LiveDead− CD45.2+ CD11b+ Thy1.2− Ly6C− Ly6G− F4/80+ CD206+) were analyzed by flow cytometry 4 days after PBS or WT LCMV infection for surface expression of activation markers (red markers indicate ones detected by microarray).
In general, screening of new CpG ODNs has been conducted by conventional lymphoproliferative assays or expression of activation markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures.
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We studied how andrographolide altered macrophage phenotype in naïve and LPS/IL-4 activated macrophages by comparing the expression of activation-relevant M1 vs M2 cytokines.
Muramatsu, M. et al. Specific expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a novel member of the RNA-editing deaminase family in germinal center B cells.
Marr, S. et al. Localization and differential expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the amphibian Xenopus upon antigen stimulation and during early development.
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