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I was reminded of it again recently, when I came upon a study reported in the British press that unearthed what seemed on the surface to be a disturbing new trend: Girls, aged 7 to 11, were expressing "violence and hatred" towards their Barbie dolls and acting on their emotions in the most barbarous ways — decapitating the dolls, pulling off their limbs and melting them in microwave ovens.
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A memorable study by British researchers a few years ago suggested that even little girls who owned boxes of Barbies eventually expressed "violence and hatred" toward the doll, as one scholar put it, manifested in burning, smashing or microwaving.
Susan Griffin cites studies and social data describing the convicted rapist as having, on a statistical average, a normal sexual personality, differing from the normal, well-adjusted male only in having a greater tendency to express violence and rage (1981, 318).
I had to find a way to express violence as well.
He also used "AK-47" as a tag to express violence and "18K" to symbolize wealth.
Although Lady Macbeth may not express violence toward her child with that same degree of grotesqueness, she certainly expresses a sense of brutality when she states that she would smash the babe's head.
Expressed violence as a child, substance abuse and age were significant predictors of adult interpersonal violence.
Since we used a clinical rating scale to assess both expressed violence and exposure to violence as a child, we also tested optimal thresholds of the scale expressed violence as a child to predict adult interpersonal violence.
The optimal cut-off for the KIVS subscale expressed violence as a child was higher for male suicide attempters.
ROC analysis for the prediction model for adult violence with the KIVS subscale expressed violence as a child gave an AUC of 0.79.
We also hypothesized that both expressed violence as a child and exposure to violence in childhood would be independent risk factors for violent behaviour as an adult.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com