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To ensure the SINEs were expressed, we compared all SINEs and extended sequences with ESTs.
In order to measure whether a given gene was significantly expressed, we compared its cDNA's signal to a signal distribution derived from negative controls represented by approx. 2,500 empty spot positions on the array.
To determine whether the genes identified here as mating-responsive in female head tissues are also sex-differentially expressed, we compared genes identified in this study with our previous study that identified genes with sex-differential expression in head tissues [ 24].
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To explore whether adjacent pairs with shared TFs are more likely to be co-expressed, we compared the co-expression level of adjacent pairs with common TFs to those without.
To investigate whether conserved adjacent pairs had a higher tendency to be co-expressed, we compared for the conserved group the expression correlations of divergent pairs, convergent pairs, and tandem pairs to those of a group of 5,000 non-adjacent random pairs.
To detect differentially expressed genes, we compared expression of the 5000 genes with the highest variance between two single core clusters using the t-test and defined probe sets as differentially expressed if they had a Benjamini-Hochberg corrected FDR < 0.01.
In order to demonstrate that the above observed effects on AR target gene expression were resulted from the expressed AR, we compared the PSA mRNA levels in AR and AR cells with and without hormone treatment.
To understand the functions of the differentially expressed genes, we compared the GO terms associated with the three different treatments after mapping all of the differentially expressed genes to the GO database.
RPS4Y1 and DDX3Y were some of the top genes that we identified as differentially expressed when we compared male and female kidneys, indicating that sex chromosomal genes might have important clinical significance.
To rule out the possibility that our filters selectively removed differentially expressed genes, we compared the inter-species variation of exons from the same gene.
To identify candidate direct targets for Wt1 in the differentially expressed genes, we compared the gene lists to Wt1 ChIP-seq data from a recently published study on E18.5 mouse kidneys (Motamedi et al., 2014) and identified multiple genes in each differential gene set that showed in vivo binding of Wt1 to their genomic loci (supplementary material Table S2).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com