Notably, thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone, can also upregulate LXRα expression via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, which is most dominantly expressed in adipose tissue (15).
Wu, H. et al. Vitamin C enhances Nanog expression via activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
A dose-dependent, mesangioproliferative effect of the chemokine SLC/CCL21, which is constitutively expressed on human podocytes was seen via activation of the chemokine receptor CCR7, which is constitutively expressed on MC.
Similarly, doxorubicin, camptothecin and etoposide induced a strong apoptotic response in the Rat1 cell line TGR-1, expressing physiological levels of Myc, via activation of Bid and Bax.
Signaling molecules such as phytohormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), modulate plant responses to HMs via differentially expressed genes, activation of the antioxidative system and coordinated cross talk among different signaling molecules.
In a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines expressing abundant mPRα, mPRβ, and mPRγ, but not classical nuclear PR-A and -B, exposure to progesterone mediated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins via activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs [ 22].
Ras, via activation of Myc, can activate angiogenesis via repression of the angiogenesis inhibitor, thrombospondin-1 [42].
The V2R is mainly expressed in kidney and regulates aquaporin-2-mediated water reabsorption via activation of the Gs protein/adenylyl cyclases/cAMP pathway.
Whether this protective effect of β2 agonist on ALI [ 31] is via activation of splenic β2 AR-expressing T lymphocytes or CAP requires to be investigated.
To determine whether activin affects skin morphogenesis and repair via activation of keratinocytes and/or stromal cells, we generated transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative activin receptor IB mutant (dnActRIB) in keratinocytes.
