ESC cultures that had not been previously exposed to DOX, expressed steady-state levels of HA-H3.3 (time point 0 h, λequ).
In order to conduct experiments with cells expressing steady-state levels of MitoTimer, stable cell lines were exposed to doxycycline for at least 5 d (doxycycline replaced daily) to obtain steady-state expression of MitoTimer before specific treatments or imaging was performed.
The vote, 18 to 11, was taken after meetings in which a steady stream of Indian leaders expressed firm opposition.
These results verified that GAL1pro:: a1 was expressed at steady state and was largely insensitive to Sir-based silencing.
We also detected novel palmitoylated proteins expressed at steady state, and validated several of these proteins, including T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in dendritic cells (DCs), and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4 in MEFs.
The enrichment in specific biological processes was calculated in pancreatic αTC1-6 versus βTC1 cells subnetworks (networks made of genes regulated by miRNAs specifically expressed at steady state in αTC1-6 and βTC1 cells, respectively) (Table 1).
Interestingly, Microrna.org predicts two binding sites for mmu-miR-296-3p mmu-miR-296-3p mmu-miR-296-3p mmu-miR-296-3pf 73 miRNand mmu-miR-298-5p mmu-miR-298-5p mmu-miR-298-5p mmu-miR-298-5p αTC1-6 with respect tonβTC1, have validated targets known to be expressed in Mafbalian pancreatic α cells (see link to T1Dbase in mRNArials and Methods).
In fact, besides being specifically expressed at steady state in α cells (αTC1-6), but not in β cells (βTC1 or INS-1), both miRNAs were significantly co-expressed and downregulated in αTC1-6 during a time-course treatment with cytokines, compared to matched untreated controls (see Figures 2A and 2B, Additional file 6).
Both miRNAs are expressed at steady state only in αTC1-6, but are not synthesized in βTC1; both are part of the imprinted Gnas/GNAS clusters in mice and humans and share more targets than expected by chance (44 versus 33, respectively; p = 0.0485, χ-test), even though their seed regions are different: this suggests common regulatory functions.
In contrast, RHAMM is expressed at steady state during cattle oocyte maturation (Schoenfelder and Einspanier, 2003) and, in the cell type specific localization reported here, the peak of RHAMM expression occurs in the highly expanding GCs of secondary follicles (Fig. 1).
