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Further, because these proteins are being expressed in an environment that is not conducive to normal VP2 folding, such as during viral infection, these proteins may be directly targeted for degradation.
However, traits expressed in an environment are the consequence of both genetic and environmental influences [ 4], so that an adaptation displayed under natural conditions may not be detectable in a controlled environment chamber [ 5].
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For variances, this partitioning can be expressed as follows {sigma}_{GE}^2={sigma}_{GEprime}^2+{sigma}_{sigma G}^2 (1)where σ 2 GE denotes global G × E variance, σ 2 GE′ denotes the RC variance component and σ 2 σG denotes the LoE variance component, with σ 2 G denoting the genetic variance as expressed in an individual environment.
This type of content would be better expressed in an animated environment rather than in a document.
As many of the extracellular enzymes in A. niger are highly expressed in an acidic environment, it is important to conduct these studies under pH-controlled conditions.
This fits with the well known observation that enzyme complexes that are sensitive to the presence of oxygen are usually not expressed in an aerobic environment.
Associated with this, the HIF-1 protein, expressed in an anaerobic environment, initiates the transcription of several genes involved in stress and glycolysis as well as IGFBP2 [ 43, 44].
Previous studies of QTL identification suggest that the magnitudes of G × E are unequal, with some QTLs expressed in all tested environments and others expressed in a particular environment (Xu and Crouch, 2008).
Our findings indicate that faunal processes that lead to changes in ecosystem functioning can be differentially expressed in a dynamic environment, and call for more careful consideration in the design and analysis of experiments that attempt to link the functional role of species to ecosystem properties.
Any conclusion concerning the activity of a gene from its environmental distribution is hampered by the fact that it is not necessarily expressed in a specific environment.
Strong interaction with the environment is one of the hallmarks of quantitative traits and it is not uncommon that the magnitude of QTLs varies with changing environmental conditions or even, that QTLs are only expressed in a given environment and not in others [57], [58].
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