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Trypanosomes possess several hundreds of VSG genes scattered throughout their genome but these can only be expressed from one of ~20 expression sites, with only a single site being active at one time [ 19].
The only active VSG in T. brucei is expressed from one of 15 dedicated expression sites, while the active MSG in P. carinii is expressed from one unique expression site [ 4, 5].
VSG genes are expressed from one of ∼15 telomeric expression sites (ES) but only one of these is transcribed at any given time (Hertz-Fowler et al., 2008).
A strikingly similar conclusion was drawn from data describing the inactivation of loci on the marsupial X (genes on the marsupial X chromosome were expressed from one or both alleles at a frequency characteristic of each locus; Al Nadaf et al. 2010).
bZIP11 fused to the N-terminal moiety of CFP (CFP-N), bZIP1 fused to the N-terminal moiety of VENUS (VENUS-N), and bZIP63 (wt or S29/294/300A) fused to the C-terminal moiety of CFP (CFP-C) were expressed from one plasmid to have co-expression at equal amounts in all transformed cells (for a scheme of the construct see Figure 9A).
Based on these findings the cubilin gene appears to be largely expressed from one allele in intestinal cells (i.e., monoallelic expression).
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Additionally, a total of 64 genes were found to be mono-allelically expressed (expressed from only one allele) in at least one tissue type, with an average of 24 genes/tissue (Table 1).
Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic process by which a subset of genes is expressed from only one allele based on the parent of origin.
Overall, around one third of wheat genes are expressed from just one homoeolocus, having lost or silenced the other two copies (566/1,781 (32%) genes in shoots and 565/1,854 (30%) genes in roots; Figure 3A).
First, we found roughly 2-fold greater expression level of SlWUS1 in small female flower buds than male ones and therefore concluded that the X-linked SlWUS1 gene is not expressed from only one of the females' alleles, whereas the other is inactivated.
Intriguingly, however, we found that genes on group 1 are significantly more likely to be expressed from just one homoeolocus than from two homoeoloci in shoots (251 genes versus 145 genes, chi-square, p < .001; Figure 3A) and in roots (264 genes versus 152 genes, p < .001; Figure 3A).
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