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Normally expressed at low concentrations, PUMA is markedly induced following DNA damage.
NGAL is a protein with a molecular weight of 25 kDa expressed at low concentrations in different tissues and upregulated especially in injured epithelial cells.
Typically only a small percentage of cytokine receptors require engagement to activate downstream signaling pathways, and cytokines are typically labile proteins expressed at low concentrations.
Human NGAL, a member of the lipocalin superfamily, was initially described as a 25 kDa protein that is covalently bound to gelatinase in neutrophils and expressed at low concentrations in normal kidney, trachea, lungs, stomach, and colon [ 29].
The mep1 and mep2 genes are the examples of genes encoding proteins involved in nitrogen assimilation, and are predominantly expressed at low concentrations of ammonium or on poor nitrogen sources.
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It is expressed at low concentration on the surface of non-activated neutrophils, but can be markedly upregulated at the onset of sepsis [ 3].
The transcription factor p53 is expressed at low concentration in normal cells and it has an important role in cell cycle regulation.
Gal2p is fully expressed at low glucose concentrations, but has a leaky expression (mean = 10%) at high glucose concentrations.
Next, we conduct a similar analysis for the expression of GAL1 gene, and the results are shown in Figure 3. Gal1p is fully expressed at low glucose concentrations and almost completely repressed at high glucose concentrations, as has been demonstrated in experiments [ 22].
Suc2p is also fully expressed at low glucose concentrations, but the response is leaky (mean = 15%) at high concentrations.
It has been hypothesized that at very high EPO concentrations EPORs expressed at low levels on nonerythroid cells (e.g., tumor or endothelial) can be activated and increase cell survival.
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