Costs are generally defined as the monetary value of the resource consumption for producing a commodity or service, frequently expressed as a composite sum of quantities of some activity multiplied by their respective prices [ 6].
The final output of the vulnerability assessment was expressed as a composite index, composed of ecosystem exposure, sensitivity and resilience to climate thermal change, and including biological, ecological and spatial traits of vegetation types in the assessment.
Experimental results show that the scratch hardness Ps of all samples may be expressed as a function of the Vickers composite hardness as Ps≒0.7 Hc for our condition.
The wavelength dependence of light transmittance of the composite was empirically expressed as a function of 〈Sa〉 and the difference between the refractive index of the particle and that of the matrix in the composite, Δnc.
The bending resistance of the composite beam is expressed as a function of the bottom flange strain, and is compared to fully plastic design to EN 1994-1-1: Eurocode 4 and the AISC LRFD Code.
The area of the tumour section with Hoechst 33342 fluorescence was determined on whole tumour composite images and expressed as a percentage of the whole tumour section (mean Hoechst perfused area) (Walker-Samuel et al, 2012).
The output measurements were pixel area and pixel density for each category that were then compiled into a composite measurement of abnormal lung volume expressed as a percentage of total lung volume, and greyscale density expressed as total lung density.
It states that every composite number can be expressed as a product of prime numbers and that, save for the order in which the factors are written, this representation is unique.
For the modeling the composite score was expressed as a proportion out of 7 and the variance stabilizing transformation for proportions (inverse sine of the square root of the proportion) was applied to improve the statistical properties of the outcome variable.
The maximum transferable load for FRP composite externally bonded to concrete substrate was expressed as a function of material properties and the fracture energy.
