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Kurtosis (a measure of the heaviness of the tails of the distribution) and skewness were quantitatively expressed (a normal distribution having a skewness of 0 and a kurtosis of 3) according to standard formulae [ 35].
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Therefore, Hence, the trait distribution can be expressed as a normal distribution with mean m as above, and substituting this into equation (5) gives where.
Normally distributed continuous variables are expressed with mean ± SD, and continuous variables that did not show a normal distribution are expressed as the median value and interquartile range (IQR: 25th, 75th percentile).
Data with a normal distribution are expressed as a mean ± SEM; otherwise, data are expressed as a median and interquartile range (IQR).
Continuous variables with a normal distribution were expressed as mean ± SD, and discrete variables were expressed as percentages.
Continuous variables following a normal distribution were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, and those not normally distributed were indicated as the median with interquartile range.
Values which followed a normal distribution are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and those which followed a non-normal distribution are expressed as median [interquartile range].
The data for the continuous variables with a normal distribution is expressed as means ± SDs, and the data for the continuous variables without a normal distribution is expressed as medians with interquartile ranges.
Data characterized by a normal distribution are expressed as a mean followed by a standard deviation.
The variables that follow a normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
Numerical variables with a normal distribution were expressed as mean and standard deviation.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com