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On an item-by-item basis each participant was asked to express the item in his or her own words which also provided interpretations for items that were problematic in translation.
Similar(59)
In a related project, a series of brief recorded messages purported to express the viewpoints of the items on display.
Redundancy between items Two items may express the same concept or close concepts that would be translated the same way 3e.
Hence, the conditioning model captures information from the test items (expressed in the item response model) and background information (expressed in the population model).
These items express the degree to which the teacher places importance on the students' (also weak students') ability to achieve learning goals and learning success, for example, "In Accounting, even weak students can be successful".
The inputs to a recommender system are usually arithmetic rating values, which express the users' opinions of items and follow a specified numerical scale (example: 1: bad to 5: excellent).
The posters and paintings that decorated my college apartment — items that express the person I am at 23 instead of the child I was at 7 — remain in boxes hidden in the corners of my room.
[validity] - expresses whether the item is valid with values 'valid', 'invalid', or 'notKnown'notKnown
aOrganized by category and expressed in the item responses identified in the second column.
Another favourable feature of IRT is that it is expressed at the item level instead of test level as in CTT [ 11].
In other words the probability that a person will affirm an item is a logistic function of the difference between the person's level of, for example, mental well-being, and the level of well-being expressed by the item.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com