Exact(1)
Early microglial activation initiates a cascade of signals that stimulates astrocytes to express signalling molecules which contribute to demyelination, indicating a key role of reactive astrocytes in the progression of demyelinating disease (Kang et al., 2012).
Similar(59)
Monocytes can differentiate into a spectrum of functional macrophage phenotypes depending upon the microenvironment - such as presence of specific growth and differentiation factors- as well as on the receptors they express, signaling pathways and transcription factors [8],[8]].
The SCCs express signaling components known to mediate taste signal transduction, such as bitter taste receptors, α-gustducin and TRPM5.
Endogenously expressed signaling molecules, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), are also known to facilitate the retention of this chondrocytic phenotype.
The interplay of differentially expressed signaling molecules was examined in more detail by network analysis.
M21 proved to be the landrace with most differentially expressed signaling genes at 17 days stress in comparison to the other two maize landraces.
This was in line with our goals to perform comparative analyses of GO category enrichment and to compare clusters of differentially expressed signaling molecules, where we sought to minimize the possibility of falsely identifying differences.
In addition, the ventrally expressed signaling factor Wnt8 was upregulated in Gsc morphants.
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a widely expressed signaling molecule that is involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, growth, survival, and apoptosis.
Of the approximately 120 GPCR signaling gene products that we studied here, AtT20 cells had 45 significantly expressed signaling related proteins compared to 72 or more in each of the 3 other cell lines.
As we have previously described that mES cells globally express signal molecules, the global expression of signal molecules might be a common characteristic of ES cells and sperms.
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