The differences were not explained by differences in muscle mass, so Roth et al [ 4] suggested that the expressed null CNTF protein competed with the active CNTF protein for the CNTF receptor within muscle.
In the case of cuboidal array, we can express the null to null beamwidth for the fixed antenna selection as follows: {text{BW}_{text{NN}}^{text{fixed}}} = frac{2lambda}{d_{x} M_{x}}frac{2lambda}{d_{y} M_{y}}frac{2lambda}{d_{z} M_{z}}.
Because the role of molecules mediating MN survival has been most clearly resolved by the in vivo analysis of genetically engineered mice, this review will focus on studies of such mice expressing reporter, null or other mutant alleles of NTFs, NTF receptors, cell death or ALS-associated genes.
This was possible because animals expressing putative null alleles of eat-4 have a markedly different pharyngeal phenotype to wild-type, N2 [16], [16].
Subsequently, expression profiling of over 10,000 protein coding genes in zebrafish embryos 24 hours postfertilization identified that only 5% of genes were differentially expressed between null mutants and their wild-type siblings 34.
Double confocal immunofluorescence for endogenous EDEM1 in rat hepatoma clone 9 cells stably expressing the Null Hong Kong variant alpha 1-antitrypsin showed co-distribution of the two proteins (Zuber et al. 2007).
The key evidence supporting this view is that the deletion of WPL1 (wpl1∆) suppresses the inviability of cells lacking ECO1 (ecor∆ ) or expressing acetyl null alleles of Smc3 smc3-K112RRolef13R) (Rolef Ben-Shahar et al., 2008; Sutani et al., 2009; Unal et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2008).
Cells that undergo EMT are different from the conventional concept of CTCs: they express low or null EpCAM expression and might be missed by EpCAM-based approach [ 42– 42].
TEM of capillaries in the ganglion cell layer of mice expressing Ad-null revealed normal ultrastructure, with close apposition between ECs and pericytes, a defined extracellular space, and few vacuoles (Figure 7A).
This is supported by studies expressing phosphorylation-null and phosphomimetic point mutant constructs in cells, suggesting that S405/S418 phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulating cellular actin polymerization necessary to promote cell migration [41] and invadopodia function [26].
