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At 4 or 12 weeks after skeletal muscle stem cell engraftment, cells formed multinucleated, cross-striated myofibers that express fast skeletal myosin heavy chain, but not intercalated disk proteins N-cadherin or connexin-43 [13].
As GluR4 containing AMPA receptors express fast decay kinetics, e.g. compared with the other subunit expressed in the reticular thalamus, GluR3 (23, 23), then loss of GluR4 would be expected to increase the duration of the excitatory synaptic responses, consistent with our observations.
In contrast to the slow myoblasts, fast-twitch myoblasts undergo fusion to generate multinucleated fibres (Moore et al, 2007; Srinivas et al, 2007) and express fast MyLC and MyHC isoforms, as well as troponin T3a (tnnt3andand troponin I2 (tnni2) (Xu et al, 2000; Hsiao et al, 2003).
The country's Official Journal, which publishes laws and decrees, defines beuverie express (fast drinking) as the "massive intake of alcohol, generally in a group, aimed at causing drunkenness in the least possible time".
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For both insects and nematodes, we used two species data sets, as the classical model systems D. melanogaster and C. elegans express fast-evolving genes whereas T. castaneum and T. spiralis express slow-evolving ones (Aboobaker and Blaxter 2003; Savard et al. 2006).
Evidence of the ability of fish to express faster growth during compensatory growth responses, domestication selection or GH treatment provides further support that growth rates in nature are at levels below the physiological maximum (Donaldson et al. 1979; Ali et al. 2003; Devlin et al. 2004; Tymchuk and Devlin 2005).
Furthermore, though all differentiated cells in control somite cultures co-expressed fast and slow myosin heavy chains, antisense knockdown of Prdm1 expression inhibited the formation of these co-expressing cells in somite cultures.
In cultures of somite-derived cells, we found that the MyHC-expressing cells were mononucleate and that all of these myocytes co-expressed fast MyHC s), slow MyHC s), and Prdm1 (Fig. 2).
The percentage of fibers expressing fast MHC isoforms increases in unloaded slow but not fast muscles.
In layer V, 7 of 13 cells expressed fast ACh-induced inward currents (Fig. 5 B2, B2 ).
Briefly, we detected myofibers expressing fast type, slow type, and/or developmental MHCs.
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