"Expect further litigation over issues involving other forms of discrimination, religious uses of government aid and cases where there isn't express discrimination based on religious identity or character," she said.
Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. wrote the majority opinion, but Justice Neil M. Gorsuch and Justice Clarence Thomas did not join a footnote where four justices state, "This case involves express discrimination based on religious identity with respect to playground resurfacing.
The most common type of Free Exercise issue today involves not express government discrimination against the adherents of a particular religion, but questions similar to the one posed by the Catholic bishops: When should government exempt the members of a particular religious faith from a law of general application?
Less concern was expressed about discrimination (22%) and exploitation of data for profit (20%).
Model prediction power is usually expressed by discrimination, calibration and accuracy [ 1, 2, 33, 40].
Similarly, when comparing cancer cells to normal cells, thousands of genes are often differentially expressed, rendering discrimination of the most salient, primary changes from correlated, downstream changes difficult.
For the multivariable regression models, three domains of discrimination were used as dependent variables to evaluate the effect of a select group of predictor variables on the probability of expressing perceived discrimination.
Stigmatisation, as a 'process of devaluation' of people either living with or associated with HIV/AIDS, is expressed through discrimination of various forms and at different levels including family, community, institutional, and national levels [ 14].
She focuses her research on the difference ways that people express and remediate discrimination.
In accordance to this, we express now the discrimination quantity for the two proposed strategies in order to establish the desired inequality: L ( P N ( X ~ N ∣ x N, H 0 ) ; P N ( X ~ N ∣ x N, H 1 ) ) = ∑ x ~ 1 ⋯ ∑ x ~ N P N x ~ N ∣ x N, H 0 log P N x ~ N ∣ x N, H 0 P N x ~ N ∣ x N, H 1, (60).
Because AUC values may not be sensitive enough to express the improvement of discrimination performance, we also used two other methods: net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) as described by Pencina et al. (13).
