Interestingly, Dietrich himself coauthored a semistatic study on snails (Czech et al. 2001) with several shortcomings: they used no analytical verification of exposure concentrations, no replicates, and inconsistent group size.
Prospective cohort study design (REPRO_PL cohort) enables identification of variety of exposures that may influence children's neurodevelopment, verification of such exposures by biomarker measurements, and notification of any changes in exposure levels.
Strengths of the present study include the verification of DES exposure status by medical record and the determination of exposure status before reporting of birth outcomes, both of which reduce the potential for differential misclassification of exposure.
Patients were retrospectively identified from an audit database of hip fractures at our institution between April 2008 and April 2010 with verification of clopidogrel exposure from electronic discharge summaries detailing medication history.
Nevertheless, monitoring of urinary arsenic species by using the percentage change of monomethylarsonic acid in total urinary inorganic arsenic metabolites as an indicator for the verification of arsenic exposure is helpful and appropriate in such cases.
Until there is an independent verification of the DEMS exposure results, the DEMS E-R results should be considered unreliable and inconclusive.
However appealing the simplicity of the approach may be, these results warrant verification in other studies and exposure settings.
Exposure misclassification is probable and requires independent verification and analysis to determine if the uncertain exposure estimates have biased E-R patterns.
Confluent HDFs were UV- or mock-irradiated with verification at various times after UV exposure.
Quantitative measurements of infectious microbe emission and exposure are extremely limited, so the parameterization and verification of exposure models are difficult.
The recent Cochrane 2006 review of programs to reduce children's exposure to SHS [ 4] stated "We take biological verification of exposure to or absorption of ETS [Environmental Tobacco Smoke] as the "gold standard", and recommended the use of hair nicotine for estimation of long-term exposure.
